Iziseko zokubhola ngeReverse Circulation
Ukugrumba ngokuthe tye akuyonto intsha. Abantu babegrumba imithombo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-8,000 eyadlulayo ukuze bafumane amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwiindawo ezishushu nezomileyo, kodwa kungekhona ngee-PDC bits kunye nee-mud motors njengoko senza namhlanje.
Zininzi izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha indlela yokugrumba. Le ngxelo iyinyani ngakumbi xa ugrumba ngenjongo yokuhlola okanye yokulawula umgangatho. Uninzi lwabakhi kunye neenjineli zepetroleum badla ngokukhetha ukugrumba ngokujikeleza okujikelezayo kuba kunika iingenelo ezininzi kunezinye iindlela zokugrumba.
Ngaphambi kokuba sigxininise iingenelo zokubhola ngokujikeleza kwegazi okungasemva, masichaze ukuba yintoni ukuze sifumane umfanekiso ocacileyo.
Yintoni iReverse Circulation Drilling?
Ukubhola ngokujikeleza okujikelezayo yindlela yokubhola esebenzisa iibhithi zePDC ezijikeleza umva, kunye neentonga ezineendonga eziphindwe kabini ukuze kuphunyezwe ukugrumba kunye nokuqokelelwa kweesampuli. Udonga lwangaphandle luneetyhubhu zangaphakathi ezivumela ukuba iziqwenga zibuyiselwe kumphezulu njengoko inkqubo yokugrumba iqhubeka.
Ukujikeleza kwe-reverse circulation kusavumela ukunamatheliswa kwezivuli zemingxuma kodwa kwahlukile ekubholeni idayimani kuba iqokelela iziqwenga zamatye endaweni yesiseko selitye. I-drill isebenzisa ii-bits ezikhethekileyo zokujikeleza kwe-reverse eziqhutywa yi-piston ejikelezayo ye-pneumatic okanye i-hammer.
Ezi zixhobo zokubhola ezijikelezayo zenziwe nge-tungsten, intsimbi, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zimbini kuba zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukunqumla nokutyumza ilitye eliqinileyo kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa iintshukumo zalo zepiston, ihamile ingasusa ilitye elityumkileyo, eliza kuthi emva koko lihanjiswe phezu komhlaba ngumoya ocinezelweyo. Umoya uvuthuza i-annulus. Oku kudala utshintsho kuxinzelelo olukhokelela kukujikeleza okungasemva, okuhambisa iziqwenga phezulu kwityhubhu.
Ukubhola ukujikeleza okujikelezayo kulungile ekuthatheni iisampulu zezinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba ukuze kuhlalutywe i-stratification kunye neenjongo zobunjineli besiseko.
Ngoku ekubeni usazi ukuba yintoni, makhe sijonge ezinye zeenzuzo zokubhola ukujikeleza kwegazi okungasemva.
Iluncedo ekufumaneni iisampuli ezingangcoliswanga
Ukubhola ngokujikeleza okungasemva kususa naluphi na ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo lweziqwenga zamatye xa zithunyelwa kumphezulu, njengoko iziqwenga zihamba ngetyhubhu yangaphakathi evaliweyo enesithuba esinye kuphela kumphezulu apho isampuli iqokelelwa khona. Ngoko ke, ungaqokelela inani elikhulu leesampuli ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ukuze zihlalutywe.
Amanani Amangalisayo Okungena
Iibhithi ezikhethekileyo zokujikeleza okungasemva zinamandla kakhulu kuneebhithi eziqhelekileyo zokugqiba ngenxa yeencam zentsimbi ye-tungsten. Iidrill zokujikeleza okungasemva zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibuyisela iziqwenga ngexesha elirekhodiweyo. Isantya esidluliselwa ngaso iziqwenga kumphezulu sinokubonakala ngokulula kwiimitha ezingama-250 ngomzuzwana.
Ukuguquguquka kwiimeko ezimbi
Ukubhola ngokujikeleza okungasemva akuyonto inzima kwaye akudingi manzi amaninzi. Olu phawu lwenza ukuba ukubhola ngokujikeleza okungasemva kube yinto efanelekileyo nakwiindawo apho amanzi anqongophele khona njengeendawo ezinkulu ezingaphandle okanye ezomileyo.
Ixabiso Eliphantsi
Ukubhola ngokujikeleza okungasemva kubiza kakhulu, ingakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokubhola ngedayimani. Akungenxa nje yokuncipha kweendleko zokusebenza, kodwa kwanangenxa yexesha elifutshane elithathwayo ukugqiba ukubhola. Ngokubanzi, ukubhola ngokujikeleza okungasemva kunokubiza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% ngaphantsi kokubhola okuqhelekileyo. Ukuba ubhola kwiindawo ezinemihlaba enzima, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunokuphindwe kabini.
Ukujikeleza Okujikelezayo Okubuyela Umva koLawulo lweBanga
Umgangatho weesampuli ezifunyenweyo ubaluleke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuhlola ukuze kwenziwe ucwangciso oluchanekileyo lwemigodi okanye lokubeka iziqhushumbisi. Ulawulo lwenqanaba yinto esetyenziselwa ukuchaza iibhloko kunye nemigangatho yentsimbi. Ukubhola ukujikeleza okungasemva kulungile kulawulo lwenqanaba kuba:
- Ifuna ukuphathwa okuncinci kunezinye iindlela
- Iisampulu ezifunyenweyo azinazo naziphi na izinto ezingcolisayo
- Ixesha lokujika ngokukhawuleza
- Iisampulu ezifunyenweyo zingathathwa zisiwe ngqo kwilebhu ukuze zihlalutywe
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokubhola ejikelezayo yi-sample cuttings. Iindlela ezininzi zingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisa iisampulu, kodwa injongo ephambili kukufumana iisampulu ezisemgangathweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngexesha elifutshane.
Ukuba ufuna naziphi na iinkonzo zokubhola ngokujikeleza okujikelezayo, khumbula ukufuna iingcali ezineelayisenisi kuphela eziyaziyo indlela yazo yokujikeleza ngokujikeleza okujikelezayo kwaye ezinolwazi oluhle ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Cela ukuba basebenzise kuphela umgangatho ophezulu oqinisekisiweyo.iibhithi zePDC ezijikeleza umvaukuze kuthintelwe naluphi na ulibaziseko olubangelwa kukwaphuka kweebhithi zokubhola. Okokugqibela, soloko uqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokubhola iyahambelana nemigangatho ebekiweyo yokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-28-2023