Iibhithi ze-Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) kunye neebhithi ze-PDC drill ziye zaziswa kwimarike kangangeminyaka emininzi. Ngeli xesha lide i-PDC cutter kunye ne-PDC drill bit ziye zahlangabezana neengxaki ezininzi kumanqanaba azo okuqala, nazo zafumana uphuhliso olukhulu. Kancinci kancinci kodwa ekugqibeleni, iibhithi ze-PDC zatshintsha iibhithi zekhoni kancinci kancinci ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwi-PDC cutter, uzinzo lwebhithi, kunye nesakhiwo se-bit hydraulic. Iibhithi ze-PDC ngoku zithatha ngaphezulu kwe-90% ye-footage iyonke yokubhola emhlabeni.
I-PDC Cutter yaqalwa yiGeneral Electric (GE) ngo-1971. Ii-PDC Cutters zokuqala kwishishini leoyile negesi zenziwa ngo-1973 kwaye ngeminyaka emi-3 yovavanyo lovavanyo nolwentsimi, yaziswa ngorhwebo ngo-1976 emva kokuba ibonakalisiwe isebenza ngcono kunezenzo zokutyumza ii-carbide button bits.
Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo somsiki wePDC sinje: incam engqukuva ye-carbide, (ububanzi yi-8.38mm, ubukhulu yi-2.8mm), kunye nomaleko wedayimani (ubukhulu yi-0.5mm ngaphandle kwe-chamfer kumphezulu). Ngelo xesha, kwakukho nomsiki we-Compax "slug system" PDC. Ulwakhiwo lwalo msiki lwalunje: i-PDC compax weld kwi-carbide slug eqinisiweyo ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka kwi-drill bit yentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela izisa lula ngakumbi kumyili we-drill bit.
Ngo-1973, i-GE iye yavavanya i-PDC bit yayo yokuqala equleni kwindawo yaseKing Ranch kumzantsi weTexas. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvavanya ukubhola, kwacingelwa ukuba kukho ingxaki yokucoca i-bit. Amazinyo amathathu angasebenzi kwindawo edibeneyo, kwaye amanye amazinyo amabini aqhekeka kunye nenxalenye ye-tungsten carbide. Kamva, inkampani yavavanya i-drill bit yesibini kwindawo yaseHudson eColorado. Le drill bit iye yaphucula isakhiwo se-hydraulic sengxaki yokucoca. Le bit ifumene ukusebenza okungcono kwiifom zesanti-shale ngesantya sokubhola esikhawulezayo. Kodwa kukho ukuphambuka okuliqela kwindlela ecwangcisiweyo ye-borehole ngexesha lokubhola, kwaye inani elincinci lee-PDC cutters lahleko zenzekile ngenxa yoqhagamshelo lwe-brazing.
Ngo-Epreli 1974, kwavavanywa i-drill bit yesithathu kwindawo yaseSan Juan e-Utah, e-USA. Le bit iphucule ulwakhiwo lwamazinyo kunye nokuma kwe-bit. Le bit yathatha indawo yee-bits ze-cone zomzimba zentsimbi emthonjeni okufutshane, kodwa i-nozzle yawa kwaye i-bit yonakele. Ngelo xesha, kwakucingelwa ukuba yenzeka kufutshane nokuphela kokugrumba ukuze kubekho ukwakheka okuqinileyo, okanye ingxaki ebangelwa yi-nozzle ewayo.
Ukususela ngo-1974 ukuya ku-1976, iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zokubhola kunye noosomashishini bavavanya uphuculo olwahlukeneyo kwi-PDC cutter. Iingxaki ezininzi ezazikho zazigxile kuphando. Ezi ziphumo zophando zahlanganiswa ngokwendalo kumazinyo eStratapax PDC, aqaliswa yi-GE ngoDisemba 1976.
Ukutshintshwa kwegama ukusuka kwiCompax ukuya kwiStratapax kuncede ekupheliseni ukudideka kwishishini leebhithi phakathi kweebhithi ezinee-tungsten carbide compacts, kunye ne-diamond Compax.
Kwiminyaka yoo-90s, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa kakhulu iteknoloji ye-chamfering kumazinyo okusika ePDC, iteknoloji ye-multi-chamfer yamkelwa ngendlela yelungelo lomenzi ngo-1995. Ukuba iteknoloji ye-chamfering isetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwamazinyo okusika ePDC kunokwandiswa nge-100%.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1980, iNkampani ye-GE (e-USA) kunye neNkampani yeSumitomo (eJapan) zafunda ngokususwa kwe-cobalt kumphezulu wokusebenza kwamazinyo e-PDC ukuphucula ukusebenza kwamazinyo. Kodwa azizange ziphumelele kwezorhwebo. Itekhnoloji yaphinda yaphuhliswa kwaye yanikwa ilungelo lobunikazi yiHycalog（USA）. Kwangqinwa ukuba ukuba izinto zesinyithi zinokususwa kwindawo evulekileyo, uzinzo lobushushu lwamazinyo e-PDC luya kuphucuka kakhulu ukuze i-bit ikwazi ukugqobhoza ngcono kwiindawo eziqinileyo nezirhabaxa ngakumbi. Le teknoloji yokususa i-cobalt iphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kwamazinyo e-PDC kwiindawo eziqinileyo ezirhabaxa kakhulu kwaye yandisa uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwee-bits ze-PDC.
Ukususela ngo-2000, ukusetyenziswa kwee-PDC bits kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza. Iifomyula ebezingenakugrunjwa ngee-PDC bits ziye zakwazi ukugrunjwa ngoqoqosho nangokuthembekileyo ngee-PDC drill bits.
Ukusukela ngo-2004, kwishishini lee-drill bit, ingeniso yemarike yee-PDC drill bits yayimalunga ne-50%, kwaye umgama wokugrumba ufikelele phantse kwi-60%. Olu kukhula luyaqhubeka nanamhlanje. Phantse zonke ezisetyenziswayo ngoku kwizicelo zokugrumba zaseMntla Melika zii-PDC bits.
Ngamafutshane, ukusukela oko yaqaliswa ngeminyaka yoo-70s yaza yakhula kancinci ekuqaleni, abasiki bePDC baye bakhuthaza kancinci kancinci uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini lee-drill bit lokuhlola kunye nokugrumba ioyile negesi. Impembelelo yetekhnoloji yePDC kwishishini lokugrumba inkulu kakhulu.
Abatsha abasandula ukungena kwimarike yamazinyo okusika e-PDC asemgangathweni ophezulu, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zokubhola, bayaqhubeka nokukhokela uhlaziyo kunye nophuhliso lwezinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zemveliso ukuze ukusebenza kwamazinyo okusika e-PDC kunye neebhithi zokubhola ze-PDC kuphuculwe rhoqo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-07-2023